Politik Identitas dalam Pemilihan Umum di Indonesia: Analisis Dampaknya terhadap Polarisasi Sosial

Abstract

The phenomenon of identity politics in Indonesian general elections has increased significantly over the past decade, especially in the 2014 and 2019 elections, which were characterized by campaigns based on religion, ethnicity, and social affiliation. This strategy is used to mobilize support through exclusive narratives that shift the focus from substantive policy issues toward identity based polarization. This study aims to analyze the forms, mobilization dynamics, and impact of identity politics on social polarization. The research employs a qualitative approach through library research and discourse analysis of campaign speeches, national mass media, and official documents from the General Elections Commission (KPU) and the Constitutional Court for the period 2014–2024. The findings show that identity politics strengthens social segmentation through digital echo chambers and hate speech campaigns, and reduces levels of inter group trust. Nevertheless, within the context of inclusive democracy, identity politics also serves as a channel for articulating the aspirations of minority groups. This study emphasizes the importance of strengthening campaign regulations, promoting inclusive political education, and optimizing Bawaslu’s oversight to maintain social cohesion and the consolidation of democracy in Indonesia.