The Evolution of the Islamic Education System from Kuttab to Digital Platforms: A Historical and Prospective Review

Abstract

This study aims to analyze historically and prospectively the evolution of the Islamic education system from the classical era (Kuttab) to the contemporary period (digital platforms), with a specific focus on the problems and solutions of Arabic language learning in higher education. The low Arabic language skills of university students, particularly in maharah kalam and kitabah, is a central issue caused by the dominance of traditional teacher-centered methods and the lack of authentic communicative contexts. Using a qualitative historical and content analysis approach, this research traces the transformation of Islamic pedagogical epistemology and evaluates the potential of digital media such as interactive videos, mobile applications, and online platforms (Coursera, Duolingo, Edmodo) as a methodological revitalization. The results indicate that the integration of digital media based on second language acquisition theory (Krashen) and the communicative approach significantly improves language skills, offering access flexibility and material personalization. The discussion confirms that the highest effectiveness is achieved through a blended learning model that synergizes the Islamic character education values of the Kuttab system with the interactivity of digital technology. The study concludes by recommending the development of Arabic-specific digital platforms using task-based language teaching and a digitally responsive curriculum adaptation.