Kesenjangan Komunikasi Antargenerasi antara Lansia dan Dewasa Muda: Tinjauan Literatur Sistematis Berbasis PRISMA
Keywords:
Ageisme, Kesenjangan Digital, Komunikasi Antargenerasi, Lansia, PRISMAAbstract
Percepatan penuaan penduduk dan transformasi digital memperbesar kesenjangan komunikasi antara lansia dan dewasa muda, sehingga mengancam kohesi sosial, solidaritas keluarga, dan kesejahteraan lansia. Penelitian ini bertujuan menyintesis bukti ilmiah mengenai penyebab, mekanisme, dan mitigasi kesenjangan komunikasi antargenerasi. Metode yang digunakan adalah tinjauan literatur sistematis dengan mengikuti panduan PRISMA 2020. Empat penelusuran tematik pada SciSpace, SciSpace Full Text, dan Google Scholar menghasilkan 880 rekaman; setelah penghapusan duplikat dan penyaringan bertahap, sebanyak 73 studi bereputasi (peer-reviewed) dianalisis melalui sintesis tematik. Empat tema yang saling berkaitan teridentifikasi, yaitu (1) stereotip usia dan ageisme, (2) kesenjangan digital dan peran ganda teknologi, (3) perbedaan gaya serta preferensi saluran komunikasi, dan (4) persepsi sosial yang terwujud dalam tutur merendahkan (elderspeak) dan metastereotip. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa kesenjangan bukan disebabkan oleh penurunan kognitif yang inheren, melainkan oleh interaksi stereotip, proses akomodasi komunikasi (khususnya akomodasi berlebih atau elderspeak) dan hambatan struktural terhadap akses digital. Kontak antargenerasi berkualitas, program reverse mentoring, desain teknologi ramah-usia, dan edukasi anti-ageisme merupakan intervensi paling menjanjikan meskipun efeknya sulit dipertahankan. Tinjauan ini menyumbang kerangka konseptual integratif dan menegaskan urgensi strategi komunikasi inklusif-usia yang peka konteks bagi masyarakat menua seperti Indonesia.
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