Edukasi Privasi Data dan Persetujuan dalam Aplikasi Bank Syariah Digital: Telaah Normatif (DSN–MUI/AAOIFI) dan Implikasinya bagi Inklusi
Keywords:
Privasi data, Consent, Bank syariah digital, DSN-MUI, AAOIFI, Inklusi keuanganAbstract
Transformasi digital pada layanan keuangan syariah di Indonesia menghadirkan peluang signifikan untuk memperluas inklusi keuangan, namun sekaligus memunculkan tantangan serius terkait perlindungan privasi data nasabah dan mekanisme persetujuan (consent). Artikel ini bertujuan mengkaji secara normatif prinsip-prinsip privasi data dan consent dalam konteks perbankan syariah digital, dengan menelaah Fatwa Dewan Syariah Nasional-Majelis Ulama Indonesia (DSN-MUI) serta standar internasional Accounting and Auditing Organization for Islamic Financial Institutions (AAOIFI). Penelitian ini menegaskan bahwa privasi merupakan bagian dari hak asasi yang dilindungi syariah, sedangkan consent yang informed menjadi syarat sahnya pemanfaatan data pribadi dalam perspektif fiqh muamalah. Fatwa DSN-MUI No. 116/2017, No. 117/2018, dan No. 140/2021, meski tidak secara eksplisit mengatur teknis perlindungan data, menegaskan prinsip amanah, ridha, dan maslahah yang relevan dengan isu privasi digital. Sementara itu, standar etika dan Governance AAOIFI menekankan kerahasiaan, transparansi, serta perlakuan adil terhadap nasabah sebagai amanah yang wajib dijaga. Dengan pendekatan kualitatif berbasis library research, artikel ini menemukan bahwa perlindungan privasi data bukan sekadar kepatuhan hukum positif, melainkan bagian integral dari implementasi maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah, khususnya ḥifẓ al-‘ird (perlindungan kehormatan) dan ḥifẓ al-māl (perlindungan harta). Temuan penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa keberhasilan inklusi keuangan syariah digital bergantung pada tingkat kepercayaan publik yang dibangun melalui edukasi privasi dan konsistensi penerapan regulasi. Oleh karena itu, sinergi antara DSN-MUI, regulator, dan pelaku industri diperlukan guna membangun ekosistem keuangan digital syariah yang etis, aman, dan inklusif.
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